ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR MENURUT VAN HIELE

Abstract

Abstrak: Menurut Carl Friedrich Gauss mathematics is the queen of the sciences (Siagian, 2017). Berarti matematika memiliki peranan sangat penting dalam kehidupan. Namun kenyataannya, beberapa siswa masih menganggap matematika sulit contohnya dalam materi bangun ruang sisi datar. Agar materi bangun ruang sisi datar, dapat dipahami dengan baik oleh siswa, maka untuk mempelajarinya diterapkan tahapan Van Hiele. Tahapan Van Hiele yaitu tahap visualisasi, tahap analisis, tahap deduktif informal, tahap deduksi, dan tahap rigor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun ruang sisi datar menurut Van Hiele. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 3 siswa dengan kemampuan rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan hasil analisis data tes dan wawancara adalah: 1) kesalahan pada tahap visualisasi disebabkan siswa terburu-buru agar dapat segera menyelesaikan semua soal dengan cepat; 2) kesalahan pada tahap analisis disebabkan siswa lalai (melakukan kesalahan pada tahap sebelumnya); 3) kesalahan pada tahap deduktif informal disebabkan siswa lupa rumus (kurang memahami konsep); 4) kesalahan pada tahap deduksi disebabkan siswa oleh keteledorannya (tidak teliti dan terburu-buru); dan 5) kesalahan pada tahap rigor disebabkan siswa kurang terlatih menyelesaikan soal secara sistematis. Namun dari lima tahapan Van Hiele mayoritas siswa melakukan kesalahan pada tahap deduksi dan rigor. Sehingga perlu adanya peningkatan ketelitian dan pembiasaan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal secara sistematis. Kata Kunci: Analisis, Kesalahan, Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar, Van Hiele Abstract: According to Carl Friedrich Gauss mathematics is the queen of the sciences (Siagian, 2017). This means that mathematics has a very important role in life. However, in reality, some students still think mathematics is difficult, for example in the matter of building a flat side. In order for the material to construct flat-sided spaces, students can understand it well, so the Van Hiele stages are applied to study it. The Van Hiele stages are the visualization stage, the analysis stage, the informal deductive stage, the deduction stage, and the rigor stage. The purpose of this study was to analyze the students' errors in solving the problem of building a flat side space according to Van Hiele. The subjects of this study were 3 students with low, medium and high abilities. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, with the instruments used in the form of tests and interviews. The results of the study based on the results of the analysis of test and interview data were: 1) errors in the visualization stage were caused by students in a hurry so that they could quickly solve all the questions; 2) errors at the analysis stage are caused by students being negligent (make mistakes in the previous stage); 3) errors in the informal deductive stage are caused by students forgetting the formula (less understanding of the concept); 4) errors at the deduction stage were caused by students being careless (not careful and in a hurry); and 5) errors at the rigor stage are caused by students who are not trained to solve problems systematically. However, from the five stages of Van Hiele, the majority of students made mistakes in the deduction and rigor stages. So it is necessary to increase the accuracy and habituation of students in solving problems systematically. Keywords: Analysis, Error , Geometry Flate Spac, Van Hiele